Meta-analysis and Systemic Review of Enteric Fever

Trends of etiology and drug resistance in enteric fever in the last two decades in Nepal: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Karki S1, Shakya P, Cheng AC, Dumre SP, Leder K.

Abstract

Prospective time-trend analyses on shifting etiology and trends of drug resistance in enteric fever are scarce. Using published and unpublished datasets from Nepal, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand the trends in etiology and resistance to antimicrobials that have occurred since 1993. Thirty-two studies involving 21 067 Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (ST) and S. enterica serotype Paratyphi A (SPA) isolates were included. There was an increasing trend in enteric fever caused by SPA during the last 2 decades (P < .01). We observed sharply increasing trends in resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin for both ST and SPA. In contrast, multi-drug resistance (MDR), resistance to traditional first-line antibiotics such as chloramphenicol and co-trimoxazole have significantly decreased for both organisms. The resistance to ceftriaxone has remained low, suggesting it is likely to remain useful as a reserve antibiotic for treatment. Trends in decreasing resistance to traditional first-line antibiotics and decreasing MDR provide an opportunity to reconsider these first-line antimicrobials as therapeutic options.

KEYWORDS: antimicrobial, enteric fever, paratyphoid, resistance, typhoid

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23985342

Environment Week 2013

Celebration of Environment Week 2013

MiRON is proud to be a part of this year environment week which was celebrated in first week of June starting from 1st June 2013. We worked very closely as a co-organizer along with GPA(Global Peace Association ) & other partners. Highlights of MiRON participation was on day of 2nd June 2013. Our program co-ordinator Mr. Umesh Kaji Manandhar & Research Volunteer Mr. Shudij Giri delivered an excellent presentation on Biofertilizer & biocomposting.MiRON is very grateful of those who participated actively on the event to make it huge success.

Banner of Nepal Environment Week

Presentation of Biocomposting

Presentation on Biofertilizers

Guest and Chairperson interacting

Interacting with Media

MiRON Team

Water Health Research

Water Health Research

Microbiological research organization Nepal (MiRON) in collaboration with MiRON Laboratory & Research Center (MLRC) Pvt.Ltd. has successfully conducted a field based water health research project. The first phase of data collection was done in Gothatar, Pepsicola, Kathmandu.

MiRON Research Group

Questionnaire Survey

Microbial Degradation of lignocellulytic wastes

Preliminary Research on Bioethanol Production from lignocellulytic wastes by microbial degradation

MiRON & MLRC is conducting a preliminary research on bioethanol/biofuel production from lignocellulytic wastes by microbial degradation. Initial screening of the most potent cellulytic microbes from lignocellulose wastes is going on in MLRC.

Feather waste to biofeed

Feather waste to biofeed

MiRON is currently working on keratinase enzyme project which is intended to screen potent keratinolytic & keratinophilic microbes from feather waste , eventually using this microbial enzyme system for the production of valuable biofeed.

RENTECH Symposium 2012

RENTECH Symposium 2012

MiRON crew presented a prospective research project on bio-ethanol production from lignocellulytic wastes by use of microbial degradation in KU RENTECH 2012 Symposium organized by Renewal Nepal & Kathmandu University School of Engineering

Herbal Research in collaboration with Vedic Science and Technology Foundation Nepal

In collaboration with Vedic Science and Technology Foundation Nepal a research was conducted to evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of water extract of Medicinal Aromatics Plants against pathogenic oral isolates.

Agar well diffusion method

Blood Donation at Santibatika, Ratna Park, KTM

Blood Donation Program was conducted at Shantibatika Ratna Park organized by MiRON

Blood Donation Program

Safe Water, Sanitation and Hyiene Project Kirtipur

MiRON member taking data

Knowledge Attitude and Practices in Safe water sanitation and hygiene in secondary school children, their parents and respective teachers in Kirtipur was conducted under the support of Kirtipur Municipality and MiRON.

Questionnarie Survey

MiRON member in awareness program in Safe Water Sanitation and Hygiene Program